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Router

A router is a typical network layer device, which is called an intermediate system in the OSI reference model. It is used to complete the task of network layer relay or layer 3 relay. The router is responsible for indirectly transmitting data packets between the network layers of two LANs and determining the best path for data transmission on the network. Generally speaking, the interconnection of heterogeneous networks and multiple subnets should be completed by routers. The main task of a router is to find an optimal transmission path for each data packet passing through and effectively transmit the data to the destination site.Strategy for choosing the best path[Routing algorithm] is the key to the router.

Network layer functions:

1. Provide IP address
2. Connecting different media types
3. Routing (in a unicast network environment, there are 6 network protocols: 1. RIP 2. OSPF 3. IGRP Cisco private 4. EIGRP Cisco private 5. IS-IS 6. BGP)
4. Routing packets to the destination along the selected path

The router stores the data related to various transmission paths - the routing table for use in route selection. The routing table stores the subnet flag information, the address and the interface information for forwarding data. The routing table can be set manually by the administrator or adjusted by the router according to the current structure and status of the network.

A fixed routing table set up in advance by the system administrator is called a static routing table. It is usually pre-set when the system is installed based on the network configuration and will not change with future changes in the network.

A dynamic routing table is a routing table that is automatically adjusted by the router according to the operation of the network system. The router automatically learns and memorizes the operation of the network based on the functions provided by the routing protocol, and automatically calculates the best path for data transmission through a certain routing algorithm.

Static route configuration:

Ip router-static network ip subnet mask interface ip address