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Table of contents

Preface:

Von Neumann computer architecture

Modern Computer Architecture:

Summarize:

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Preface:

In today's digital age, computer hardware is not only a witness to technological progress, but also the cornerstone of this progress. They form the core of the digital ecosystem that is indispensable to our daily lives. From simple personal computing tasks to complex data analysis and artificial intelligence applications, the performance and reliability of hardware directly affect our work efficiency and quality of life. However, no matter how computer technology evolves, its basic components remain unchanged. They are the cornerstones of building modern computers.

This article aims to explore the basic components of computer hardware in depth and reveal how these components work together to support the operation of the entire computer system.

In the earliest computer ENIAC, although this big guy could perform calculations, he neededManual wiring by staffTo control the calculation.

This manual calculation greatly limits the speed of the computer.Von NeumannA concept was proposed: all the steps should be determined in advance, and the computer only needs to execute them.

This is actually a stored procedure.

The so-called stored program is to input the instructions into the computer's memory in the form of binary code in advance, and then execute the first instruction of the program according to its first address in the memory, and then execute other instructions in the specified order of the program until the program execution is completed.

Von Neumann computer architecture

Based on this idea proposed by von Neumann, the early von Neumann machine architecture was designed:

From the figure we can summarize the characteristics of the von Neumann computer:

1. A computer consists of five major components
2. Instructions and data are stored in memory on an equal footing and can be accessed by address.
3. Instructions and data are represented in binary
4. Instructions consist of an opcode (what operation to perform on the data) and an address code (where the data to be operated is located)
5. Stored Procedures
6. byCalculatorAs the center, both input and output devices need to be completed through the operator.

But this architecture actually has flaws:All our data needs to be operated through a calculator, which will lead to reduced efficiency.

Modern Computer Architecture:

Therefore, the architecture of modern computers improves this byThe focus has changed from being an arithmetic unit to being a memory unit.

To summarize briefly:

The von Neumann computer is centered around the arithmetic unit, and all data processing needs to go through the arithmetic unit, while the modern computer architecture is centered around the memory, and all data processing needs to go through the memory.

With the advent of integrated circuits, people integrated the arithmetic unit and the controller into a CPU.

CPU = computing unit + controller

Therefore, the above architecture can be updated as follows:

 

Regarding the computer hardware, we can use a diagram to represent it as follows:

Summarize:

In this chapter, we explained the von Neumann computer architecture and the modern computer architecture in two parts. The main difference between the two is that the von Neumann computer architecture is centered on the arithmetic unit, and all data processing must first pass through the arithmetic unit, but this will greatly reduce the effect, so our modern computer architecture has made changes to it, making the memory the center and optimizing the data processing flow. In the next article, we will understand the working principles of each hardware in more detail.

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