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In Objective-C, there are several ways to effectively handle memory management and avoid memory leaks:

1. Use Automatic Reference Counting (ARC): ARC is an automatic memory management mechanism that automatically inserts retain, release, and autorelease methods to manage the memory of an object, greatly reducing the work of manual memory management.

2. Follow the memory management rules: that is, follow the principle of "whoever creates, releases". If you create an object through alloc, copy, new or retain methods, then you are responsible for releasing it. You can use autorelease to automatically release the object.

3. Avoid circular references: Circular references can cause memory leaks. You can use weak references to break circular references, or use weakify and strongify macros to prevent circular references when using blocks.

4. Use zero strong references: In some cases, you can use zero strong references to avoid the appearance of wild pointers. Zero strong references will automatically be set to nil after the object is released, avoiding the problem of wild pointers.

5. Use appropriate collection classes: Use appropriate collection classes (such as NSArray, NSDictionary) to manage object references, which can avoid manual memory management.

6. Use autorelease pool: When creating a large number of temporary objects in a loop, you can use autorelease pool to reduce memory usage. You can use @autoreleasepool block to create an autorelease pool.

7. Use Instruments debugging tool: Instruments is a powerful performance analysis and debugging tool that can help you find memory leaks. You can use Instruments to detect memory leaks and locate the cause of the problem.

In short, understanding memory management rules, using automatic reference counting, avoiding circular references, and using appropriate collection classes and debugging tools are all important ways to effectively handle memory management to avoid memory leaks.