Technology sharing

WIN32 Core Programming - Thread Operation (2) Synchroni Mutua Exclusio

2024-07-12

한어Русский языкEnglishFrançaisIndonesianSanskrit日本語DeutschPortuguêsΕλληνικάespañolItalianoSuomalainenLatina

Tabula contentorum

genus conditio

CriticalSection

Mutex

CriticalSection & Mutex

Semaphore

Eventusus


genus conditio

  • In ambitu multi-filato, cum plures filis eadem notitia simul accessere vel mutare, ultimus effectus est sequela temporis exsecutionis.

  • Si nulla est synchronisatio mechanismi, condiciones generis occurrent, quae ad improprias notitias vel exceptiones programmatis adducere possunt.

  1. #include <iostream>
  2. #include <windows.h>
  3. DWORD g_Num = 0;
  4. DWORD WINAPI WorkThread(LPVOID lp)
  5. {
  6. for (size_t i = 0; i < 10000000; i++)
  7. {
  8. //g_Num++;
  9. __asm LOCK INC [g_Num]
  10. }
  11. return 0;
  12. }
  13. int main()
  14. {
  15. HANDLE hThread[2] = { 0 };
  16. hThread[0] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
  17. hThread[1] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
  18. WaitForMultipleObjects(2, hThread, TRUE, -1);
  19. std::cout << g_Num << std::endl;
  20. return 0;
  21. }

CriticalSection

  1. #include <iostream>
  2. #include <windows.h>
  3. DWORD g_Num = 0;
  4. CRITICAL_SECTION cs = { 0 };
  5. DWORD WINAPI WorkThread(LPVOID lp)
  6. {
  7. for (size_t i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
  8. {
  9. // 进入临界区
  10. EnterCriticalSection(&cs);
  11. // TODO
  12. g_Num++;
  13. // 退出临界区
  14. LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);
  15. }
  16. return 0;
  17. }
  18. int main()
  19. {
  20. HANDLE hThread[2] = { 0 };
  21. // 初始临界区
  22. InitializeCriticalSection(&cs);
  23. hThread[0] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
  24. hThread[1] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
  25. WaitForMultipleObjects(2, hThread, TRUE, -1);
  26. std::cout << g_Num << std::endl;
  27. // 清理临界区
  28. DeleteCriticalSection(&cs);
  29. return 0;
  30. }

Mutex

  • Mutex (Mutex) adhibetur ne plures fila ab accessu vel diminutione facultatum communium simul sint.

  • Tantum unum linum simul habere potest mutex. Si unum filum obtinet dominium mutex, alia stamina petens mutex obstruetur donec permissio mutex dimittatur.

  • Mutex creare - CreateMutex

  • Request Mutex - WaitForSingleObject

  • Mutex dimitte - ReleaseMutex

  1. #include <iostream>
  2. #include <windows.h>
  3. HANDLE hMutex = 0;
  4. DWORD g_Num = 0;
  5. DWORD WINAPI WorkThread(LPVOID lp)
  6. {
  7. for (size_t i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
  8. {
  9. WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE);
  10. g_Num++;
  11. ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
  12. }
  13. return 0;
  14. }
  15. int main()
  16. {
  17. hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
  18. HANDLE hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
  19. HANDLE hThread2 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
  20. WaitForSingleObject(hThread1, INFINITE);
  21. WaitForSingleObject(hThread2, INFINITE);
  22. CloseHandle(hThread1);
  23. CloseHandle(hThread2);
  24. CloseHandle(hMutex);
  25. std::cout << g_Num << std::endl;
  26. return 0;
  27. }

CriticalSection & Mutex

  • discrimine sectionem

    • Sequela synchronisatio mechanismi pro facultatibus communibus, sectiones criticae mutuae accessum inter fila eiusdem processus praebent.

    • Singula fila debebunt sectionem criticam ingredi antequam facultates communes accesserint, et sectionem criticam relinquant postquam accessus ad summam synchronizationem filorum perficiatur.

  • mutex

    • Mechanismus sequela synchronisatio ad fila multiplices restringere adhibetur ab accessu facultatum communium simul.

    • Mutexes processus vel fila synchronizare possunt, et per processum synchronizari possunt.
      1. #include <iostream>
      2. #include <Windows.h>
      3. int main()
      4. {
      5. HANDLE hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, L"0xCC_Mutex");
      6. if (hMutex == NULL) return 0;
      7. if (GetLastError() == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS)
      8. {
      9. MessageBox(NULL, L"禁止多开", L"错误", MB_OKCANCEL);
      10. return 0;
      11. }
      12. std::cout << "Game Start..." << std::endl;
      13. system("pause");
      14. CloseHandle(hMutex);
      15. return 0;
      16. }
  • perficientur

    • Sectiones criticae velociores sunt quam mutices intra fila eiusdem processus.

  • Officium

    • Mutexes trans processuum synchronizari possunt, sectiones autem criticae tantum inter fila in eodem processu congruere possunt.

  • dominium

    • Mutexes stricte dominii requisita habent et solum sequela cum permissionibus mutexis possunt eam dimittere.

  • deadlock
    • Cum filum subito moritur dum seram tenens (exceptio)
    • Si linum inopinate terminetur dum seram criticam tenentes, seram non solvetur, cum alia fila exspectant sectionem criticam ut normaliter exequi non possint, in deadlock resultantes.
      1. #include <iostream>
      2. #include <Windows.h>
      3. CRITICAL_SECTION CriticalSection = { 0 };
      4. DWORD WINAPI WorkThread(LPVOID lp)
      5. {
      6. EnterCriticalSection(&CriticalSection);
      7. printf("TID -> %d rn", GetCurrentThreadId());
      8. Sleep(5000);
      9. LeaveCriticalSection(&CriticalSection);
      10. return 0;
      11. }
      12. int main()
      13. {
      14. InitializeCriticalSection(&CriticalSection);
      15. HANDLE hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
      16. Sleep(1000);
      17. TerminateThread(hThread1, 1);
      18. HANDLE hThread2 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread, NULL, 0, NULL);
      19. WaitForSingleObject(hThread2, INFINITE);
      20. DeleteCriticalSection(&CriticalSection);
      21. return 0;
      22. }
    • Si filum subito dum mutex crinem tenens terminatur, Fenestra automatice dominium suum emittit ut alia stamina regulariter exercere possint.
      1. #include <iostream>
      2. #include <Windows.h>
      3. HANDLE hMutex = NULL;
      4. DWORD WINAPI WorkThread1(LPVOID lp)
      5. {
      6. WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE);
      7. printf("TID -> %d rn", GetCurrentThreadId());
      8. Sleep(5000);
      9. TerminateThread(GetCurrentThread(), -1);
      10. //todo
      11. return 0;
      12. }
      13. DWORD WINAPI WorkThread2(LPVOID lp)
      14. {
      15. printf("Wait For Thread1 Leavern");
      16. WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE);
      17. printf("TID -> %d rn", GetCurrentThreadId());
      18. ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
      19. return 0;
      20. }
      21. int main()
      22. {
      23. hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
      24. HANDLE hThread1 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread1, NULL, 0, NULL);
      25. Sleep(1000);
      26. HANDLE hThread2 = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread2, NULL, 0, NULL);
      27. WaitForSingleObject(hThread2, INFINITE);
      28. CloseHandle(hMutex);
      29. CloseHandle(hThread1);
      30. CloseHandle(hThread2);
      31. return 0;
      32. }

Semaphore

  • Semaphora est obiectum synchronisation usus ad refrenandum accessum ad facultates per plures fila participandas. Contrarium est quod quantitatem facultatum suppeditarum repraesentat. Cum valor semaphoris maior quam 0 est, indicat facultates praesto esse; cum valor 0 est, indicat nullas esse facultates.

    • manere : Deminuere conatus semaphori valoris. Si valorem semaphoris maior est quam 0, decrementum illud per 1 et executionem continuabit. Si valorem semaphoris 0 est, stamina praecluduntur donec valorem semaphoris maior quam 0 fiat.

    • liberatus : valorem semaphoris auge. Si alia stamina inclusa sunt, hoc semaphoro exspectantes, una ex illis excitabitur.

  • Create semaphore

    • In Fenestra systemata, utere CreateSemaphore or *CreateSemaphoreEx Munus semaphore creat.

  • Exspecta (exspecta) et emissio (Release) semaphore

    • Exspectans in semaphore fieri solet uti WaitForSingleObject or *WaitForMultipleObjects officium.

    • Dimittere semaphore usus ReleaseSemaphore officium.

  1. #include <iostream>
  2. #include <Windows.h>
  3. #define MAX_COUNT_SEMAPHORE 3
  4. HANDLE g_SemapHore = NULL;
  5. HANDLE g_hThreadArr[10] = { 0 };
  6. DWORD WINAPI WorkThread(LPVOID lp)
  7. {
  8. WaitForSingleObject(g_SemapHore, INFINITE);
  9. for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
  10. {
  11. std::cout << "COUNT -> " << (int)lp << std::endl;
  12. Sleep(500);
  13. }
  14. ReleaseSemaphore(g_SemapHore, 1, NULL);
  15. return 0;
  16. }
  17. int main()
  18. {
  19. g_SemapHore = CreateSemaphore(
  20. NULL, //安全属性
  21. MAX_COUNT_SEMAPHORE, //初始计数
  22. MAX_COUNT_SEMAPHORE, //最大计数
  23. NULL //信号名称
  24. );
  25. if (g_SemapHore == NULL)
  26. {
  27. std::cout << GetLastError() << std::endl;
  28. return 1;
  29. }
  30. for (size_t i = 0; i < 10; i++)
  31. {
  32. g_hThreadArr[i] = CreateThread(
  33. NULL,
  34. 0,
  35. WorkThread,
  36. (LPVOID)i,
  37. 0,
  38. NULL
  39. );
  40. }
  41. WaitForMultipleObjects(10, g_hThreadArr, TRUE, INFINITE);
  42. //closehandle
  43. return 0;
  44. }

Eventusus

  • In programmatione Fenestra, eventus synchronismi sunt mechanismum adhibitum ut signa mittant inter plures stamina.Res potest essemanual resetor *automatic reset

    • Manual Reset Event: Cum eventum (signatum) manebit in hoc statu donec explicite reset. Id significat multa fila exspectantia eventum posse ante eventum reseti excitari.

    • Auto Reset Event: Cum eventus filo exspectante acceptus est, ratio automatice eventui civitatis ad non-signatum (non-signatum) reponit. Hoc significat tantum unum filum ad tempus excitari licere.

  • Create eventu

    • Utens Fenestra API muneraCreateEventAn res creata potest

    • lpEventAttributes: Indicium securitati attributum, si toNULL, pignus adhibetur.

    • bManualReset: siTRUE, dein eventus manualis retexere creatur, alioquin eventus latis rete creatum est.

    • bInitialState: siTRUEstatus initialis est status signum;FALSEest status non significativus.

    • lpName: nomen rei.

  • Ad rem (statuto rei publicae statum insignem) ususSetEventofficium

  • Reset ad res (set res publica ad res publica non-signatum) ususResetEventofficium

  • Exspectare eventum expectare rei eventum rei publicae signum fieri.WaitForSingleObjectofficium

  1. #include <iostream>
  2. #include <Windows.h>
  3. DWORD WINAPI WorkThread(LPVOID lp)
  4. {
  5. HANDLE hEvent = *(HANDLE*)lp;
  6. std::cout << "Thread - " << GetCurrentThreadId() << " Waiting For Event" << std::endl;
  7. WaitForSingleObject(hEvent, INFINITE);
  8. std::cout << "Thread - " << GetCurrentThreadId() << " actived" << std::endl;
  9. return 0;
  10. }
  11. int main()
  12. {
  13. HANDLE hThreads[3] = { 0 };
  14. HANDLE hEvent = NULL;
  15. hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
  16. if (hEvent == NULL) return 0;
  17. for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++)
  18. {
  19. hThreads[i] = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkThread, &hEvent, 0, NULL);
  20. }
  21. Sleep(2000);
  22. SetEvent(hEvent);
  23. WaitForMultipleObjects(3, hThreads, TRUE, INFINITE);
  24. CloseHandle(hEvent);
  25. return 0;
  26. }