python GUI and game development_day010

python graphical user interface and game development_day010

2024-07-12

Python graphical user interface et ludum progressionem

GUI secundum tkinter moduli
Ludus progressus usura Pygame

GUI secundum tkinter moduli

GUI est abbreviatio instrumenti graphicalis usoris. Omnis qui computatorium usus est cum usore graphicali interfaciei notus esse debet, ideo hic singula inire non est. Pythonis default GUI moduli explicatio est tkinter (nominatus Tkinter in versionibus ante Python 3). Ex hoc nomine dicere potes in Tk fundatur linguae, crucis suggestum GUI controllata praebet. Utique, Tk postrema et optima electio non est, et potentissima GUI imperium non habet. In facto, applicationes GUI explicans non est id quod Python est optimum in. PyQt, PyGTK, etc. Moduli sunt bonae electionis.

Plerumque utens tkinter ut develop GUI applicationes requirit sequentes 5 gradus:

Importare quid opus est in modulo tkinter.
Facere in summo gradu fenestrae obiectum et utere ut tota GUI applicatione hospitio utatur.
GUI addere components in summo-level fenestra obiecto.
functiones harum partium GUI per codicem ordinantur.
Intrant principalis eventus ansa (main loop).

In codice sequenti demonstratur usus tkinter ad simplicem GUI applicationem.

import tkinter
import tkinter.messagebox


def main():
    flag = True

    # 修改标签上的文字
    def change_label_text():
        nonlocal flag
        flag = not flag
        color, msg = ('red', 'Hello, world!')
            if flag else ('blue', 'Goodbye, world!')
        label.config(text=msg, fg=color)

    # 确认退出
    def confirm_to_quit():
        if tkinter.messagebox.askokcancel('温馨提示', '确定要退出吗?'):
            top.quit()

    # 创建顶层窗口
    top = tkinter.Tk()
    # 设置窗口大小
    top.geometry('240x160')
    # 设置窗口标题
    top.title('小游戏')
    # 创建标签对象并添加到顶层窗口
    label = tkinter.Label(top, text='Hello, world!', font='Arial -32', fg='red')
    label.pack(expand=1)
    # 创建一个装按钮的容器
    panel = tkinter.Frame(top)
    # 创建按钮对象 指定添加到哪个容器中 通过command参数绑定事件回调函数
    button1 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='修改', command=change_label_text)
    button1.pack(side='left')
    button2 = tkinter.Button(panel, text='退出', command=confirm_to_quit)
    button2.pack(side='right')
    panel.pack(side='bottom')
    # 开启主事件循环
    tkinter.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
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Animadvertendum est GUI applicationes solere eventu agitatae. Causam ingrediendi principalem ansam est, eventum variorum eventuum ut mus et claviaturae monitorem et congruentem codicem exsequi ad processum rerum eventum, quia evenire pergit evenire. Tali itaque ansa necesse est ut omne tempus currens expectet proximum eventum evenire. Ex altera parte, Tk tres procuratores layout de constituendo moderatores praebet.Placer(In elit magnitudinem et collocationem imperii praebet);Packer(Automatice frequentare controls in opportunitatibus) andGrid(Locus moderans coordinatas eget), quae hic non describentur.

Ludus progressus usura Pygame

Pygame fons patens est Pythonis moduli specie adhibitus ad multimedia applicationes (ut video ludos), quae subsidium imaginum, sonorum, videos, eventus, collisiones, etc. Pygama in SDL aedificata est, quae multimediae progressionis bibliothecae in C elocutione transversali proposita est et late in evolutione ludorum, simulatorum, lusorum, etc. Pygame permittit tincidunt lusum ut nulla lingua subiecta diutius teneri possit et plus in functionibus et logica ludi intendere potest.

Nunc sit simplex ludum complere. Nomen ludi est "Magna Ball Eat Parva Ball". Scilicet, hoc ludum complens non est focus intellegere quomodo utendi superioribus gradibus in processu. Explica programmandi obiectum ordinatum et disce ut hac idea programmandi ad solvendas difficultates reales vitales.

import pygame


def main():
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
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Trahunt in fenestra

In fenestra trahere potes per functionem moduli in pygame ducto. Animadvertendum est quod velum coordinatum systematis anguli sinistri superioris scrinii ponit ut origo coordinata (0, 0). Axis. Pixela sic dicta est punctum in screen. Color repraesentatio in pygame utitur tribus methodis repraesentationis coloris primarii, id est, valor RGB coloris per tuplum vel album specificatur. Ad valorem repraesentandum, tres colores summae 24 frumentorum aequipollent, quae saepe "24-quadri coloris repraesentatio" appellatur.

import pygame


def main():
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    # 设置窗口的背景色(颜色是由红绿蓝三原色构成的元组)
    screen.fill((242, 242, 242))
    # 绘制一个圆(参数分别是: 屏幕, 颜色, 圆心位置, 半径, 0表示填充圆)
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0,), (100, 100), 30, 0)
    # 刷新当前窗口(渲染窗口将绘制的图像呈现出来)
    pygame.display.flip()
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
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Load image

Si imaginem directe in fenestram onerare debes, functione imaginis moduli in pygame uti potes ut imaginem oneris, et imaginem redde per modum obiecti fenestrae consecutae.

import pygame


def main():
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    # 设置窗口的背景色(颜色是由红绿蓝三原色构成的元组)
    screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
    # 通过指定的文件名加载图像
    ball_image = pygame.image.load('./res/ball.png')
    # 在窗口上渲染图像
    screen.blit(ball_image, (50, 50))
    # 刷新当前窗口(渲染窗口将绘制的图像呈现出来)
    pygame.display.flip()
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
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Effectus consequi anima

Cum ad verbum animationis ventum est, omnes ei noti sunt. Nam ad effectus animationis consequi, ipsum principium est valde simplex, quod est continuos ludere discontinuas imagines. deinde fieri potest, Molliorem effectum animationis. Si pilam in codice superiore movere vis, positione pilae variabili uti potes, situm pilae in ansa mutare, et totam fenestram refice.

import pygame


def main():
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    # 定义变量来表示小球在屏幕上的位置
    x, y = 50, 50
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False
        screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (255, 0, 0,), (x, y), 30, 0)
        pygame.display.flip()
        # 每隔50毫秒就改变小球的位置再刷新窗口
        pygame.time.delay(50)
        x, y = x + 5, y + 5


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
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Impulsum reprehendo

Plerumque multae res erunt in ludo, et inter haec objecta necesse est "ictum", ut aeroplanum tormenti ferendi, capsam terram ferendi, etc. Deprehensio collisio est exitus crucialis, qui in ludis plerisque tractandus est. Spiritus moduli pygami (animati animati) auxilium deprehendendi praebet Deprehendere an duae parvae globulos collidant. Tantum opus est inspicias an distantia centra globulorum minor sit quam summa radiorum duorum globuli. Ut plures parvas pilas creare, mus eventus processus facere possumus parvas pilas cum incertis coloribus, magnitudinibus et velocitatibus mobilibus ad locum ubi murem premetur objectum ordinatur scientia.

res pertractatio

Eventus mus discursum in eventu potest ansa. Eventus typus determinari potest per attributum rei eventus, et positio muris click obtineri potest per pos attributum. Si res claviaturas tractare vis, hoc etiam est locus.

def main():
    # 定义用来装所有球的容器
    balls = []
    # 初始化导入的pygame中的模块
    pygame.init()
    # 初始化用于显示的窗口并设置窗口尺寸
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 600))
    # 设置当前窗口的标题
    pygame.display.set_caption('大球吃小球')
    running = True
    # 开启一个事件循环处理发生的事件
    while running:
        # 从消息队列中获取事件并对事件进行处理
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                running = False
            # 处理鼠标事件的代码
            if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN and event.button == 1:
                # 获得点击鼠标的位置
                x, y = event.pos
                radius = randint(10, 100)
                sx, sy = randint(-10, 10), randint(-10, 10)
                color = Color.random_color()
                # 在点击鼠标的位置创建一个球(大小、速度和颜色随机)
                ball = Ball(x, y, radius, sx, sy, color)
                # 将球添加到列表容器中
                balls.append(ball)
        screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
        # 取出容器中的球 如果没被吃掉就绘制 被吃掉了就移除
        for ball in balls:
            if ball.alive:
                ball.draw(screen)
            else:
                balls.remove(ball)
        pygame.display.flip()
        # 每隔50毫秒就改变球的位置再刷新窗口
        pygame.time.delay(50)
        for ball in balls:
            ball.move(screen)
            # 检查球有没有吃到其他的球
            for other in balls:
                ball.eat(other)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
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His duobus fragmentis simul positis, "pila magna globulus" ludum comedens (ut infra in pictura exhibetur). parvum ludum. Hoc exemplum omnibus narrat quod hac scientia inire potes tuum iter progressus mini lusus. Re vera, multae areae in codice supra meliori valent stamina schedula ad haec tractanda potior est. Si meliorem usum usoris adipisci volumus, etiam background musicae ad ludum ac ludere adde effectus sonos cum globus cum pila colliditur hoc. Nam si plura de pygame scire vis, optimum doceo est rutrum pygami. Si vis 3D ludos evolvere, pygame insufficiens videtur.

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