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Prima introductio ad c (namespace, default parametri, munus obruunt)

2024-07-12

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1. spatio

1. significatio spatii nominali

In C/C++ multa variabilia, functiones et classes postea discenda sunt. Nomina harum variabilium, functionum et generum in toto mundo erunt.

In ambitu locali, multas contentiones causare potest.Propositum spatiis spatiis nominare est nominare identificatores ad nominationem vitandam

Conflictio vel pollutio nomen, keyword nominapacis hoc problema admittere videtur.

Certamina nominandi sicut sequentia programmata in C linguarum incepta sunt problemata communia.

Talis quaestio: (Error relatus est quia variabiles variabiles pugnas cum rand functione in stdlib.h constituimus)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int rand = 10;
int main()
{
	// 编译报错：error C2365: “rand”: 重定义；以前的定义是“函数”
	printf("%dn", rand);
	return 0;
}

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2. Definitio spatii nominalis

1. Ad spatium nominandi definiendum, keyword nominandi uti debes, cum nomen spatii nominandi, et tum par {}, ubi {} iunges.

Id est, membrum spatii. Variabilia/munera/genera, etc. in spatio nominali definiri possunt.Nota quod non sequitur ";)。

2. Nominum essentia est domain definire. Haec regio independentis est a ditione globali. Diversae domains eodem nomine variabiles definire possunt, sic sequentia

Et longe supra iam non pugnat.

#include<iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
namespace tmp
{
	int rand = 0;
}
int main()
{
	printf("%dn", rand);
	return 0;
}

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3. Dominia in C ++ includunt functionem dominii localis, ditionis globalis, domain nominandi, ac domain genus;

Logica generis originis (declaratio vel definitio), cum solitudo domain, nominis conflictus resolvuntur.Praeter ad loci domain et global domain afficiendum

Componendo logicam inquisitionem etiam afficit declarationem cycli variae.

4. Spatium spatii tantum globally definiri potest, ac sane etiam nidificari definiri potest.

#include<iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
namespace tmp
{
	int rand = 0;
	namespace tmp1
	{
		int Add(int left, int right)
		{
			return left + right;
		}
		struct Node
		{
			struct Node* next;
			int val;
		};
	}

}
int main()
{
	printf("%dn", rand);
	return 0;
}

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5. Spatia nomina eodem nomine in pluribus lima in inceptis definita ut unum spatii nomina habebuntur et non pugnabunt.

test.c file

#include<iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include"test.h"
namespace tmp
{
	int rand = 0;
	namespace tmp1
	{
		int Add(int left, int right)
		{
			return left + right;
		}
		struct Node
		{
			struct Node* next;
			int val;
		};
	}

}
int main()
{
	printf("%dn", tmp::d);
	return 0;
}

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test.h file

#pragma once
namespace tmp
{
	int d = 0;
}

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Inveniri potest quod d variabilis in spatio tmp in tabella .c adhiberi potest.

6. Vexillum bibliothecae C++ in spatio nominato std positum est.

7. Si variabilibus in ditione globali uti velimus, hoc facere possumus;

int a = 3;
int main()
{
	int a = 0;
	printf("%dn", ::a);
	return 0;
}

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Ita, printf primo 3 princ.

3. Usus spatii nominali

Componendis ad quaerendum declarationem/definitionem variabilis, per defaltam solum localiter vel globaliter quaerere, non spatio nominali.sic

Propositum sequentia componet et errorem nuntiabit.

namespace tmp
{
	int d = 0;
	namespace tmp1
	{
		int Add(int left, int right)
		{
			return left + right;
		}
		struct Node
		{
			struct Node* next;
			int val;
		};
	}
}
int main()
{
	int a = 0;
	printf("%dn", d);//未定义标识符d
	return 0;
}

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Debemus ergo utendum differentiis / functionibus in spatio nominali definitis.

1. Specificare spatii spatiorum accessum.

tmp::d

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2. Usura nominis spatium membrum dilatat.Aditus commendatur ut saepe accessed sodales rei qui certamina non habent.

namespace tmp
{
	int d = 0;
	namespace tmp1
	{
		int Add(int left, int right)
		{
			return left + right;
		}
		struct Node
		{
			struct Node* next;
			int val;
		};
	}
}
using tmp::d;
int main()
{
	int a = 0;
	printf("%dn", d);//未定义标识符d
	return 0;
}

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3. Expande omnia membra in spatio nominali;Consilium non commendatur quia periculo conflictus est altus.

namespace tmp
{
	int d = 0;
	namespace tmp1
	{
		int Add(int left, int right)
		{
			return left + right;
		}
		struct Node
		{
			struct Node* next;
			int val;
		};
	}
}
using namespace tmp;
int main()
{
	int a = 0;
	printf("%dn", d);//未定义标识符d
	return 0;
}

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2. Input et output

1. Est abbreviatio Input Output Fluminis.

de obiecto.

2. std::cin obiectum est istream genus, quod maxime ad regulam notarum angustarum (of char type) ordinatur.

Influere.

3. std :: cout obiectum est ostreami classis, quae maxime ad vexillum output fluentum characterum angustarum ordinatur.

4. std::endl functio est.

5. &lt;&lt; est rivulus insertio operantis, et&gt;&gt; est rivulus extractio operantis. (C lingua etiam his duobus operariis utitur ut operationes bitwise operationes ut sinistrae subcinctus/dextrae subcinctus exerceant)

6. Commodius est uti C++ pro input et output.

Output non statim identify variabilis(Per se, hoc fit per functionem obruendam). Nam maximi momenti est quod C++ rivi melius sustinent elit.

Type objects input and output.

#include<iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
namespace tmp
{
	int a = 0;
	double b = 0.0;
	char c = '0';
	namespace tmp1
	{
		int Add(int left, int right)
		{
			return left + right;
		}
		struct Node
		{
			struct Node* next;
			int val;
		};
	}
}
using namespace tmp;
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	cout << a << b << c;
	return 0;
}

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7. cout/cin/endl, etc. omnia ad bibliothecam C++ vexillum pertinent

Eos per spatii nominandi usus.

8、- Spatium spatii std in quotidianis exercitiis generalibus uti possumus, sed non commendatur ut spatii spatii std in ipsa evolutione project.

3. Default parametri

1. Definitio ac normas defaltis parametri

Defectus parametri denotant valorem defaltam pro parametri functionis declarando vel definiendo.Cum hoc munus vocans, si nullae parametri actuales specificantur

Tunc defalta valor parametri formalis adhibetur, alioquin praefinitus parameter actualis adhibetur. (Aliquot in locis,

Defaltae ambitus etiam default parametri dicuntur).

Plenum defaltum significat omnes parametri formales valores defaltos, et semi defaltam significat aliquos parametri formales dari valores default.C++ ponit semi defaltam parametri esse a dextra ad sinistram

Continuae defaltae in ordine et ad valorem default intervallis praeterire non possunt.

Munus enim vocat parametros defectus, C++ parametros actuales consequenter a sinistro ad dextrum dari debere, et parametri actuales omitti non posse.

Cum munus declarationis ac definitionis separati sint, ambitus defectus in utroque functione declarationis ac definitionis apparere non possunt. Statutum est ut munus declarari debeat tamquam default

pretii.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void Func(int a = 0)
{
	cout << a << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Func(); // 没有传参时，使⽤参数的默认值
	Func(10); // 传参时，使⽤指定的实参
	return 0;
}

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Insert imaginem descriptionis hic

2. plena defaltam ac semi-default

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// 全缺省
void Func1(int a = 10, int b = 20, int c = 30)
{
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	cout << "c = " << c << endl << endl;
}
// 半缺省
void Func2(int a, int b = 10, int c = 20)
{
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	cout << "c = " << c << endl << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Func1();
	Func1(1);
	Func1(1, 2);
	Func1(1, 2, 3);
	Func2(100);
	Func2(100, 200);
	Func2(100, 200, 300);
	return 0;
}

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Semi-default sic scribi non potest:

void Func2(int a = 10, int b, int c = 20)
{
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	cout << "c = " << c << endl << endl;
}
//或者
void Func2(int a = 10, int b, int c)
{
	cout << "a = " << a << endl;
	cout << "b = " << b << endl;
	cout << "c = " << c << endl << endl;
}

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Stricte adhaerendum est;

Parametri semidefault continenter a dextra ad sinistram defaltam esse debent nec praetermittenda sunt ad valores defectus per intervalla.

3. De applicatione default parametri

Antequam C++ disceremus, cum initializationem et insertionem ACERVUM implevimus, hoc scripsimus:

typedef int STDataType;
typedef struct Stack
{
	STDataType* a;
	int top;
	int capacity;
}ST;
// 栈顶
void STInit(ST* ps, int n)
{
	assert(ps);
	ps->a = (STDataType*)malloc(n * sizeof(STDataType));
	ps->top = 0;
	ps->capacity = n;
}
void STPush(ST* ps, STDataType x)
{
	assert(ps);
	// 满了， 扩容
	if (ps->top == ps->capacity)
	{
		printf("扩容n");
		int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 4 : ps->capacity
			* 2;
		STDataType* tmp = (STDataType*)realloc(ps->a,
			newcapacity * sizeof(STDataType));
		if (tmp == NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc fail");
			return;
		}
		ps->a = tmp;
		ps->capacity = newcapacity;
	}
	ps->a[ps->top] = x;
	ps->top++;
}

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Si velimus centum partes inserere notitiarum, continuum expansionem et damnum efficientem egebimus, sed postquam parametri defectionem discimus, hoc modo scribere possumus:

// 栈顶
void STInit(ST* ps, int n = 4)
{
	assert(ps);
	ps->a = (STDataType*)malloc(n * sizeof(STDataType));
	ps->top = 0;
	ps->capacity = n;
}
void STPush(ST* ps, STDataType x)
{
	assert(ps);
	// 满了， 扩容
	if (ps->top == ps->capacity)
	{
		printf("扩容n");
		int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 4 : ps->capacity
			* 2;
		STDataType* tmp = (STDataType*)realloc(ps->a,
			newcapacity * sizeof(STDataType));
		if (tmp == NULL)
		{
			perror("realloc fail");
			return;
		}
		ps->a = tmp;
		ps->capacity = newcapacity;
	}
	ps->a[ps->top] = x;
	ps->top++;
}
int main()
{
	ST a;
	STInit(&a, 100);//这里不传100也可以，因为规定必须从左到右依次给实参，不能跳跃给实参。刚好和缺省参数确定位置互补
	for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
	{
		STPush(&a, i);
	}
	return 0;
}

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Haec efficaciter problema vitat spatium aperiendi saepe.

4. Function obruuntur

C++ functiones eodem nomine in eodem ambitu apparente sustinet, sed requirit ut formales parametri harum functionum eodem nomine differant

Genera varia. Hoc modo, C++ vocat functiones polymorphicos mores exhibent et flexibiliores sunt ad usum. (Quamvis variae reditus bonae condiciones onerare non possunt.

Quia distingui non potest cum vocatio, si reditus pretii ac moduli generis vel numeri simul mutatur, etiam conditio cultro est).

1. diversis moduli generibus

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// 1、参数类型不同
int Add(int left, int right)
{
	cout << "int Add(int left, int right)" << endl;
	return left + right;
}
double Add(double left, double right)
{
	cout << "double Add(double left, double right)" << endl;
	return left + right;
}

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2. numerus parametri differt

// 2、参数个数不同
void f()
{
	cout << "f()" << endl;
}
void f(int a)
{
	cout << "f(int a)" << endl;
}

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Praesertim si modus supra modum ambitum defaltam adhibet, error indicabitur vocato sine parametris transeuntibus.

// 下⾯两个函数构成重载
// f()但是调⽤时，会报错，存在歧义，编译器不知道调⽤谁
void f1()
{
	cout << "f()" << endl;
}
void f1(int a = 10)
{
	cout << "f(int a)" << endl;
}

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3. Ordo parametri diversus est (nam species moduli diversae sunt)

// 3、参数类型顺序不同
void f(int a, char b)
{
	cout << "f(int a,char b)" << endl;
}
void f(char b, int a)
{
	cout << "f(char b, int a)" << endl;
}

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#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// 1、参数类型不同
int Add(int left, int right)
{
	cout << "int Add(int left, int right)" << endl;
	return left + right;
}
double Add(double left, double right)
{
	cout << "double Add(double left, double right)" << endl;
	return left + right;
}
// 2、参数个数不同
void f()
{
	cout << "f()" << endl;
}
void f(int a)
{
	cout << "f(int a)" << endl;
}
void f(int a, char b)
{
	cout << "f(int a,char b)" << endl;
}
void f(char b, int a)
{
	cout << "f(char b, int a)" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Add(10, 20);
	Add(10.1, 20.2);
	f();
	f(10);
	f(10, 'a');
	f('a', 10);
	return 0;
}
`#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// 1、参数类型不同
int Add(int left, int right)
{
	cout << "int Add(int left, int right)" << endl;
	return left + right;
}
double Add(double left, double right)
{
	cout << "double Add(double left, double right)" << endl;
	return left + right;
}
// 2、参数个数不同
void f()
{
	cout << "f()" << endl;
}
void f(int a)
{
	cout << "f(int a)" << endl;
}
void f(int a, char b)
{
	cout << "f(int a,char b)" << endl;
}
void f(char b, int a)
{
	cout << "f(char b, int a)" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Add(10, 20);
	Add(10.1, 20.2);
	f();
	f(10);
	f(10, 'a');
	f('a', 10);
	return 0;
}``


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eventum:
Insert imaginem descriptionis hic

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technologiae technologiae plus quam 30 annos operam dedit et in variis linguis proficit ut java, linux, javascript, php, css, etc. Multas contributiones in aperto fonte campo fecit elit documentorum statione ad communicandas quaestiones in technologia progressus ad futuram referentiam

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