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ES6: ECMAScript 6 is an important version update of the JavaScript language, which introduces many new syntax and features, such as arrow functions, template strings, classes, modules, etc., making JavaScript programming more concise and powerful.

ESM: The full name is ECMAScript Modules, which is the module system introduced by ES6.importandexportStatements are used to clarify the dependencies between modules and the external interfaces of modules.

CommonJS: is a commonly used module specification in Node.js.requireFunction to load the module and passmodule.exportsorexportsObject to export the contents of the module.

import: In ESM,importUsed to import required functions or data from other modules. For example:import myFunction from './myModule';Indicates from'./myModule'Module ImportmyFunction 。

export: In ESM,exportUsed to expose the contents of a module to other modules. You can directly export variables, functions, classes, etc., for example:export const myVariable = 42;orexport function myFunction() {... } 。

require: In CommonJS,requireUsed to load and import other modules. For example:const myModule = require('./myModule'); 。

In general, the ES6 module system (ESM) and the CommonJS module specification differ in syntax and usage, but both aim to achieve module separation and reuse, and improve code maintainability and scalability.