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[Introductio ad JAVA] Day15 - Interface

2024-07-12

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[Introductio ad JAVA] Day15 - Interface

Articuli directorium

Cur interfacies est?
Ut omnes novimus, hereditates communes abstractiones in genere in parentis genere extrahere et obtinerecommunitatis totius systematisAd conservandum autem codicem etiam condicio est: pleraeque genus communitatem quandam habent, sed paucae tantum classes hoc notam non habent, si communitas haec in parentis genus scribitur, hereditate, quod irrationabile est. haec pauca subcategoria.
Exempli gratia: felium et canum natare possunt, lepores autem non possunt. Hoc tempore, si "natare" ratio in parentis genere definitur, lepus est irrationabilis ut heres sit respective, fieri potest. Ideo necesse est novam notionem definire ad constringendam scripturam specificationum methodorum "natandi" in his duobus subclassibus.Hoc loco definire possumus "natare".interface, definire methodum abstractam in interface enatare, et deinde feles et canes cum hoc instrumento ad invigilandum coniungereCode adunatio。
Ad summam, interface est alexcum regulas multiplices simul classes definire necesse est, utendum estinterface。

1. Interface est abstractio "morum"

Interface speciem rei non repraesentat, instrumentus repraesentatin regulainterfaces sic parametri ad modos transiri possunt.
"Utrum plaustrum est, sive trium rotarum, sive pubis, dum moveri potest, utilis erit".

搬家(车的对象);

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搬家(搬家公司);

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public interface 运输 {
	...
}

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public void 搬家(运输的接口 c) {
	...
}

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2. Definitio et usus interfaces

  • Interfaces definiuntur cum keyword instrumenti.
public interface 接口名 {}

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  • Interfaces instantiari non possunt, quod significat interfaces ad obiecta creanda adhiberi non posse.
  • Discrimen interface et genus estefficereRelationes per instrumenta instrumentorum repraesentantur.
public class 类名 implements 接口名 {}

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  • Genus interfaciei (implicationis genus) vel omnes methodos abstractas in interface vincit, vel ipsum genus abstractum.
  • Exsecutio necessitudinis inter interfaces et classes esse potestUnius implementationPotest etiamMultiplex implementations：
public class 类名 implements 接口名1 , 接口名2 {}

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  • Classis exsecutionem efficere potest plures interfaces dum classis hereditate capiuntur.
public class 类名 extends 父类 implements 接口名1 , 接口名2 {}

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usu: Scribe vexillum Javabean classes cum interfaces et classes abstractas.

 青蛙		属性：名字，年龄		行为：吃虫子，蛙泳
 狗			属性：名字，年龄		行为：吃骨头，狗刨
 兔子		属性：名字，年龄		行为：吃胡萝卜

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Scribe primum genus parentis.

package oopInterface;

public abstract class Animal {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Animal() {
    }

    public Animal(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public abstract void eat();
}

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Scribere interface natare:

package oopInterface;

public interface Swim {
    public abstract void swim();
}

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Cum ranae genus scribebat, operam ad parentis genus hereditate detrahendum et abstractum de parentis genere rescribens, et operam ad interfacies natandi exsequendam;

package oopInterface;

public class Frog extends Animal implements Swim {
    public Frog() {
        super();
    }

    public Frog(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public void swim() {
        System.out.println("青蛙在蛙泳。");
    }

    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("青蛙在吃虫子。");
    }
}

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Cum scribens genus caninum, attende ad possidendum genus parentis et earundem methodum abstractam parentis ordinis ad interfaciem natandi efficiendam;

package oopInterface;

public class Dog extends Animal implements Swim {

    public Dog(){
        super();
    }

    public Dog(String name, int age) {
        super(name,age);
    }
    @Override
    public void swim() {
        System.out.println("狗在狗刨。");
    }

    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("狗在吃骨头。");
    }
}

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Cum genus leporis scribens, notandum est te solum opus parentis genus possidere et methodum abstractam delendi, nec interfacem natationem efficere (natare non potes);

package oopInterface;

public class Rabbit extends Animal {

    public Rabbit() {
    }

    public Rabbit(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public void eat() {
        System.out.println("兔子在吃胡萝卜。");
    }
}

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Scribere test classes.

package oopInterface;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frog f = new Frog("小绿",23);
        f.eat();
        f.swim();
        System.out.println(f.getName() + ", " + f.getAge());
        Dog d = new Dog("大D", 24);
        d.eat();
        d.swim();
        System.out.println(d.getName() + ", " + d.getAge());
        Rabbit r = new Rabbit("兔子", 30);
        r.eat();
        System.out.println(r.getName() + ", " + r.getAge());
    }
}

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3. Characteres membrorum in interface

  • Socius variabilis: Sodalis variabilis interfaciei non potest esse nisiassidue, publica static finalis adhibetur per defaltam (etsi non scripseris, eo ipso modo considerabitur).
  • Constructor: interfaceNoModus constructio.
  • Socii methodi: Ante JDK7, modo modi abstracti esse poterant.defaltamModus publicus abstractus est;

4. De relatione inter interfaces et classes

  • Necessitudo inter classes: relatio hereditatis - unica hereditas, non multiplex hereditas, sed multiplex hereditas possibilis est.
  • Necessitudo inter classes et interfaces: Exsecutio relatio - solum vel in multiplicibus exsecutionibus deduci potest, et multiplices interfaces efficere potes dum genus hereditarium.
  • Necessitudo inter intercedit: relatio hereditatis — hereditas unica vel multiplex hereditas esse potest.

Animadverte:
1. Cum genus instrumenti instrumenti intercedit, necesse est aut omnes methodos abstractas in instrumento efficere, aut ipsum genus etiam genus abstractum.
2. Genus multiplex interfaces efficere potestomnisOmnes methodi abstractae ad effectum deducendae in instrumento exsequuntur.
3. Interfaces ex pluribus interfaces hereditari potest. Si sub-interface plures interfaces accipit et tunc exsequendo genus inducit, tunc genus exsecutio sub-interfaces et omnes interfaces parentis coniungere debet.omnisOmnes methodi abstractae perficiuntur.

usu: Scribe vexillum Javabean classes cum interfaces et classes abstractas.

乒乓球运动员：姓名，年龄，学打乒乓球，说英语
篮球运动员：姓名，年龄，学打篮球
乒乓球教练：姓名，年龄，教打乒乓球，说英语
篮球教练：姓名，年龄，教打篮球

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//Person类
package oopInterExp;

//因为直接创建顶层父类人的对象是没有意义的
//所以将其写为抽象类
public abstract class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Person() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

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//Sporter类继承Person
package oopInterExp;

public abstract class Sporter extends Person {

    public Sporter(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    public Sporter() {
    }

    public abstract void learn();
}

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//Coach类继承Person
package oopInterExp;

public abstract class Coach extends Person {

    public Coach() {
    }

    public Coach(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    public abstract void teach();
}

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//SpeakEnglish接口
package oopInterExp;

public interface SpeakEnglishInter {
    public abstract void speakEnglish();
}

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//PingPongSporter继承Sporter，实现SpeakEnglish
package oopInterExp;

public class PingPongSporter extends Sporter implements SpeakEnglishInter {

    public PingPongSporter(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    public PingPongSporter() {
    }

    @Override
    public void learn() {
        System.out.println("学习乒乓球。");
    }

    @Override
    public void speakEnglish() {
        System.out.println("乒乓球运动员在说英语。");
    }
}

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//PingPongCoach继承Coach，实现SpeakEnglish
package oopInterExp;

public class PingPongCoach extends Coach implements SpeakEnglishInter {
    public PingPongCoach() {
    }

    public PingPongCoach(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    @Override
    public void teach() {
        System.out.println("教乒乓球。");
    }

    @Override
    public void speakEnglish() {
        System.out.println("乒乓球教练在说英语。");
    }
}

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//BasketballSporter继承Sporter
package oopInterExp;

public class BasketballSporter extends Sporter {

    public BasketballSporter(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    public BasketballSporter() {
    }

    public void learn() {
        System.out.println("学篮球。");
    }
}

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//BasketballCoach继承Coach
package oopInterExp;

public class BasketballCoach extends Coach {

    public BasketballCoach() {
    }

    public BasketballCoach(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age);
    }

    public void teach() {
        System.out.println("教篮球。");
    }
}

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5. Novi modi in interface

5.1 Novae rationes in JDK8 initio interface

Ante JDK7, solum methodi abstractae per interfaces definiri potuerunt.
Novus notae JDK8 est: methodi cum methodo corporum in interface definiri possunt (definire potestdefaltammodum or *staticmodum).
Novus notae JDK9 est: definiri potest per interfacieiprivatusmodum.

5.1.1 Default modi in interfaces

Methodi cum methodo corporum interfaciei definiuntur, maxime forInterface upgradeCum interface immutabile esse non potest, novae methodi ad upgrade adicienda. non facile synchronizare; si Upgrade methodo utitur cum corpore corporis, ideo genus exsecutionis mutari non debet praeterea.

  • Definire modos default in interface, keywords uti debes defaltam Grooming.
  • Format: default publicus reditus valorem genus methodi nomen (parameter album) { }
  • Exemplum: default publicus vacuus spectaculum() { }
  • Defectus modi non sunt modi abstracti et non opprimendi. Sed si rescriptum est, defalta keyword in rescripto removeri debet.
  • publicum omitti potest, defectus autem omitti non potest.
  • Si plures interfaces exsequuntur et methodi defaltae sunt cum eodem nomine in pluribus interfaces, genus debet modum vincere (non summopere conflictationes causat).

Interface Inter1:

package oopInterface5;

public interface Inter1 {
    public abstract void method();
    public default void default_method() {
        System.out.println("Inter1接口中的默认方法");
    }
}

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Interface Inter2:

package oopInterface5;

public interface Inter2 {
    public default void default_method() {
        System.out.println("Inter2接口中的默认方法");
    }
}

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Duo modi defaltae idem nomen habent.

package oopInterface5;

public class InterImpl implements Inter1, Inter2 {

    @Override
    public void method() {
        System.out.println("抽象方法的实现");
    }

    @Override
    public void default_method() {
        System.out.println("重写接口中的默认方法");
    }
}

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Classis Test:

package oopInterface5;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            InterImpl ii = new InterImpl();
            ii.method();				//抽象方法的实现
            ii.default_method();		//重写接口中的默认方法
    }
}

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5.1.2 Modos static in interfaces

JDK8 et postea permittet modos statos in interfaces definiri, qui cum static mutari oportet.
in interfacestatic methodoForma definitio est:

  • publici static reditus genus valorem methodi nomen (album parametri) { }
  • Exemplum: publicum static inane spectaculum() { }

Quae notanda sunt de modis staticis in interfaces:

  • Vestibulum modi non solum transietInterface nomen tuumAppellari, non potest dici per exsequendum genus nominis vel rei nomen.
  • publicum omitti potest, statice omitti non potest.

Scribere interface:

package oopInterface6;

public interface Inter {
    public abstract void method();

    public static void static_method() {
        System.out.println("接口中的静态方法");
    }
}

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Classis exsecutionem scribere. Est etiam methodus stabilis in classe, cum eodem nomine ac modus in interface, sed hoc non est summopere, quia methodi statice opprimi non possunt;

package oopInterface6;

public class InteImpl implements Inter {
    @Override
    public void method() {
        System.out.println("重写接口中的抽象方法");
    }

    //这不叫重写
    public static void static_method() {
        System.out.println("我不是重写的Inter接口中的静态方法");
    }
}

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Atqui, duo diversi modi sunt.

package oopInterface6;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InteImpl ii = new InteImpl();
        ii.method();						  //重写接口中的抽象方法
        Inter.static_method();               //调用接口中的静态方法
        InteImpl.static_method();           //调用实现类中的一个同名的静态方法
    }
}

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5.2 Novae rationes in JDK9 initio interface

5.2.1 Definire modos privatos in interface
  • Forma 1 : valorem genus methodi nomen proprium reditus (parameter index) { }
  • Exemplum 1 : vacuum spectaculum privatis () { }
  • Usus: Servite per modum default.
package oopInterface7;

public interface InterA {
    public default void show1() {
        System.out.println("show1开始执行");
        show3();
    }

    public default void show2() {
        System.out.println("show2开始执行");
        show3();
    }

    //普通的私有方法，给默认方法服务的
    private void show3() {
        System.out.println("记录程序在运行过程中的各种细节，这里有100行代码。");
    }
}

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  • Forma 2 : valorem genus methodi nomen proprium reditus stabilis (album parametri) { }
  • Exempli gratia 2: modus inanis stabilis privatae () { }
  • Syntaxis: Servi static modis.
package oopInterface7;

public interface InterB {
    public static void show1() {
        System.out.println("show1开始执行");
        show3();
    }

    public static void show2() {
        System.out.println("show2开始执行");
        show3();
    }

    //普通的私有方法，给静态方法服务的
    private static void show3() {
        System.out.println("记录程序在运行过程中的各种细节，这里有100行代码。");
    }
}

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6. Application de interface

1. Interface repraesentat regulas et est abstractio morum. Si genus morum habere vis, genus instrumenti congruentis efficiat.
2. Cum modulus methodi interfaciendia sit, interface transiri potestOmnia obiecta exsecutionis classisaccessus polymorphismus interfaciei appellatur.

7. Inconvenienter consilio exemplaris

  • Delineatio Pattern statuta est in codice indicatur et catalogued experientias designant qui saepe usi sunt, plerisque notum est. Propositum exemplarium consilio utendi est ad codicem reuse, codicem ab aliis facilius cognoscendum fac, codicem fidem adhibeas, et programma reusability.

Adaptores adhiberi possunt ad simplicem codicem et incommodum causatum cum nimis multi abstractae methodi in instrumento interfaciendi sunt et tantum opus est ut earum pars adhibeatur.
Vestigia scripturae plerumque sunt;
1. Scribe genus medium XXXAdapter ad complendum congruentem interfaciem.
2. Exsecutio vacua methodorum abstractorum in instrumento exsequendi.
3. Genus exsecutionis reale possideat genus medium et methodos debitas rescribe.
4. Ut aliae classes impediant, ne obiectis aptatoris classis creentur, media adaptor classium abstractis decoratur.

interface;

package AdapterDesignPattern;

public interface Inter {
    public abstract void method1();
    public abstract void method2();
    public abstract void method3();
    public abstract void method4();
    public abstract void method5();
}

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In nibh class:

package AdapterDesignPattern;

public abstract class InterAdapter implements Inter {
    @Override
    public void method1() {

    }

    @Override
    public void method2() {

    }

    @Override
    public void method3() {

    }

    @Override
    public void method4() {

    }

    @Override
    public void method5() {

    }
}

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Classis exsecutionem:

package AdapterDesignPattern;

public class InterImpl extends InterAdapter {
    //我需要用到哪个方法，就重写哪个方法就可以了
    @Override
    public void method5() {
        System.out.println("只要用第五个方法");
    }
}


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