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  This question is from the 2009 ICPC Asia Regional Competition Shanghai Division

Title

At the flower exhibition, there is a way to arrange n kinds of flowers in a rectangle with m rows and n columns (m≤n). The flowers in the n cells of each row are different from each other, and the flowers in the m cells of each column are also different from each other. Now we want to arrange another row of flowers according to this rule, and output the kth reasonable arrangement plan in lexicographic order. If the kth plan does not exist, output -1. 1≤N≤200,0≤M≤N,1≤K≤200.

analyze

Bipartite graph + dfs enumeration pruning, the idea comes from this articleblog。

Find the number of the flowers that can be placed in each column, connect the edges, and then run a bipartite graph matching to see if it can be perfectly matched. If not, it means that it cannot be placed. Running this bipartite graph matching is not in vain, it will be used later.
Because we need the kth lexicographic order, we need to enumerate the flowers that can be placed in each column. Here we need to prune. If the current enumerated column is the jth column, if the subsequent j+1 to Nth columns cannot be matched, they can be pruned.

AC Code

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

#define N 205
int g[N][N], f[N][N], c[N], px[N], py[N], vis[N], ans[N], p1[N], p2[N], m, n, k, clk; bool use[N];

bool dfs(int u, int pos = -1) {
    if (u <= pos) return false;
    vis[u] = clk;
    for (int i=0, v; i<c[u]; ++i) if (py[v = g[u][i]] < 0 || (vis[py[v]]!=clk && dfs(py[v], pos))) {
        px[u] = v; py[v] = u;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

int max_match() {
    memset(px, -1, sizeof(px)); memset(py, -1, sizeof(py)); memset(vis, -1, sizeof(vis));
    int cc = 0;
    for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) if (px[i] < 0 && dfs(clk = i)) ++cc;
    return cc;
}

bool ok(int u, int v) {
    if (px[u] == v) return true;
    int x = 0;
    for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) {
        p1[i] = px[i]; p2[i] = py[i];
        if (px[i] == v) if ((x = i) < u) return false;
    }
    px[x] = py[px[u]] = -1; px[u] = v; py[v] = u; ++clk;
    if (dfs(x, u)) return true;
    for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) px[i] = p1[i], py[i] = p2[i];
    return false;
}

bool find(int u) {
    if (u > n) return ++m == k;
    for (int i=0, v; i<c[u]; ++i) if (!use[v = g[u][i]] && ok(u, v)) {
        use[v] = true; ans[u] = v;
        if (find(u+1)) return true;
        use[v] = false;
    }
    return false;
}

void solve () {
    cin >> n >> m >> k;
    for (int i=1; i<=m; ++i) for (int j=1; j<=n; ++j) cin >> f[i][j];
    for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) {
        memset(vis, c[i] = 0, sizeof(vis));
        for (int j=1; j<=m; ++j) vis[f[j][i]] = true;
        for (int j=1; j<=n; ++j) if (!vis[j]) g[i][c[i]++] = j;
    }
    if (max_match() != n) {
        cout << " -1" << endl;
        return;
    }
    memset(use, m = 0, sizeof(use)); memset(vis, clk = 0, sizeof(vis));
    if (find(1)) {
        for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) cout << ' ' << ans[i];
        cout << endl;
    } else cout << " -1" << endl;
}

int main() {
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0);
    int t; cin >> t;
    for (int k=1; k<=t; ++k) cout << "Case #" << k << ':', solve();
    return 0;
}
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